سرطان عنق الرحم: كيف نحمي المرأة من خلال التطعيم والكشف المبكر؟
الوقاية من سرطان عنق الرحم
د. فاطمة مبارك
استشاري طب الأسرة
في مستشفى إن إم سي التخصصي – مجمع دبي للاستثمار، ومستشفى إن إم سي التخصصي – النهدة، ومركز إن إم سي رويال الطبي – النخلة
إلى كل ابنة، وأخت، وأم في مجتمعنا المعطاء؛ يُعد سرطان عنق الرحم من الأمراض التي حقق الطب الحديث فيها قفزات نوعية، حيث ترتفع معدلات الشفاء والتعافي الكامل إلى أقصى مستوياتها في حال التشخيص المبكر. ومن هذا المنطلق، ندعو كل امرأة لتكون سفيرةً للوعي الصحي، لنعمل معاً على حماية الأجيال الحاضرة والقادمة جسدياً وفكرياً من خلال اتباع الخطوات الوقائية التالية:
أولاً: التحصين الوقائي (لقاح الفيروس الحليمي البشري – HPV)
يُعد لقاح الفيروس الحليمي البشري حجر الزاوية في الوقاية من السلالات الشرسة للفيروس، والتي تُعتبر المسبب الرئيسي لتطور سرطان عنق الرحم. وبناءً على توصيات اللجنة الاستشارية لممارسات التحصين (ACIP) في الولايات المتحدة، والجهات الصحية الدولية، يُنصح بالآتي:
• الفئة العمرية المثالية: يُوصى بإعطاء اللقاح للفتيات والفتيان في سن 11 إلى 12 عاماً، ويمكن البدء به من سن التاسعة.
• النساء حتى سن 26: يُنصح بأخذ اللقاح لمن لم يسبق لهن التطعيم في السن المذكور.
• الفئات العمرية الممتدة: يمكن للنساء حتى سن 45 عاماً الحصول على اللقاح بعد استشارة الطبيب، لا سيما في الحالات التي تكون فيها فرص التعرض المسبق للفيروس ضئيلة.
ثانياً: الفحص الدوري والتشخيص المبكر
إن الفحص الدوري لسرطان عنق الرحم هو إجراء طبي بسيط، آمن، وغير مؤلم، ولا يتطلب تحضيرات معقدة، حيث لا تتجاوز مدته 15 دقيقة. وقد أثبتت الدراسات السريرية أن الجمع بين الفحص السريري واختبار الكشف عن الفيروس الحليمي يساعد الأطباء في رصد التغيرات الخلوية في مراحلها الأولية، مما يمنع تفاقم المرض.
تنويه هام: يُرجى المبادرة بحجز موعد لدى طبيب الأسرة أو طبيب النساء والولادة في حال مرور أكثر من ثلاث سنوات على آخر فحص.
ثالثاً: العوامل المؤثرة وتصنيف المخاطر
يلعب التاريخ المرضي (الشخصي والعائلي) دوراً محورياً في تحديد البروتوكول الوقائي، حيث تُصنف النساء إلى فئتين:
• فئة المخاطر المتوسطة: وهي الفئة العامة من النساء في المجتمع.
• فئة المخاطر العالية: وتشمل اللاتي يعانين من أمراض مناعية مزمنة (مثل الذئبة الحمراء أو الروماتيزم) ويتناولن أدوية مثبطة للمناعة، أو من أظهرت فحوصاتهن السابقة وجود خلايا غير طبيعية.
أثبتت الأبحاث العلمية وجود ارتباط وثيق بين التدخين وزيادة خطر الإصابة بسرطان عنق الرحم، مما يستوجب ضرورة الإقلاع عنه لتعزيز فرص الوقاية.
ختاماً، نهيب بالجميع نشر هذه الرسالة الطبية والمساهمة في توعية الأجيال بضرورة التحصين والفحص الدوري، لنحدّ معاً من عبء هذا المرض ونحفظ صحة مجتمعنا.
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